C ++ Enrichment

1. Variables- Have to be defined before you use it so the computer can recognize it.

• char(character) - any number, letter or symbol
• int(integer) - any whole number
• float- real number
   

2. Printf Function

• Outputs information to the screen.

• Ex) printf("Pick two numbers\n");

  - Enclosed in Parentheses and Quotation Marks. \n means skip a line. Always end with semi-colon.

   

   

   

 3. Scanf Function

• Gets information from the user and puts it on the screen.

• Ex) scanf("%i %i", &a, &b);

  -%i means integer and & is required before variables for all scanfs.

  -Enclosed also in parentheses and ends with a semi-colon.

   

   

 4. If/else

• They are the backbone of programming and make everything else possible. They are used for making decisions.
• They say if something, do this. If else do this. And let you react to different situations.
• Ex)

  if

  {

  printf("correct! Your current score is %i!\n",score);

  }

   

  ( guess == r )else

  {

  printf("wrong, your current score is %i.\n",score);

  }

   

  {

  printf("too low\n");

  }

   

  {

  printf("too high\n");

  }

  - Enclosed in curly brackets and use printf functions. Use the words if and else.

  if( guess < r)if( guess > r)

Loops (ex. while and for):

• Codes used to make a certain action repeat again and again.
• If you were creating a game, you could use a loop to allow the user to play the game continuously until they win.

Arrays:

• The number of variables of a certain type.
• Arrays are used as parameters to certain variables that define the quantity of the certain variable.

Functions:

• A code that is already working and is refered to by a single command
• ex. printf.
• Functions are precreated and can be used to carry out complex task with just a single command.